Permit cost for gorilla trekking in Uganda

Permit cost for gorilla trekking in Uganda : Gorilla trekking is one of the best sellers on the tourism market of Uganda. Actually, you are guaranteed 100 percent of seeing the gorillas in both Bwindi and Mgahinga National Park. In fact, according to the reviews of tourists, it is the most exhilarating activity best done in Uganda and Rwanda. As a matter of fact, the encounter with the endangered mountain gorillas in their natural habitat is such a sentimental experience and will always make you satisfied.

However, to trek for the mountain gorillas in Uganda and Rwanda, one needs to possess a permit that allows you to participate in this activity within a given area in these countries. Besides, in Uganda, the permit also grants you permission to trek the gorilla families in Bwindi and Mgahinga National Park. As a result, the gorilla trekking permits helps to fundraise for the local community, as social corporate responsibility, which in turn sensitizes people about conservation of the wildlife. Effective 1st April 2024, the gorilla trekking permits increased for both trekking and habituation in Bwindi and Mgahinga National Park. The increase is as follows;

Gorilla Trekking in Bwindi and Mgahinga National Park
STATUS

FNR

US$

ROA

US$

FR

US$

EAC

UGX

Gorilla permit800500700300,000
Gorilla habituation experience1,5001,0001,000750,000
Gorilla permit distribution

All the gorilla permits in Uganda are printed by the Uganda Wildlife Authority, under the government of Uganda. It is also responsible for the sale of gorilla permits as well as distribute them to the tour companies. The Uganda Wildlife Authority generally distributes about 152 gorilla trekking permits every day. These permits basically cover the visitation of the mountain gorilla families in the four sectors of Bwindi National Park. It further sells about 8 permits for the gorilla habituation, for each day in Bwindi and Mgahinga National Park.

Best seasons for Gorilla trekking 

As a matter of fact, the Uganda gorilla trekking permits are highly demanded by tourists from all over the world. During the peak season, the permits become highly demanded and precautions need to be taken to secure a permit in time or else miss out. Peak seasons months for mountain gorilla trekking in Uganda include; December, January, February and June to October. The other months of the year are not competitive for gorilla trekking however, they are truly suitable for gorilla habituation. For this reason, you are advised to secure your mountain gorilla trekking permit in advance or earlier enough. As a matter of fact, no permit is sold on the day of gorilla trekking.

Where to buy gorilla trekking permits in Uganda

All the gorilla trekking permits are issued by the Uganda Wildlife Authority at their offices in Kamwokya-Kampala capital city. However, to avoid running on time, you can trust a tour operator to run for your permit so that you just come and enjoy your gorilla trekking in Uganda.  Note that; all gorilla permits are only sold to tour operators licensed by the Uganda Tourism Board (UTB).

Price of gorilla trekking now

The mountain gorilla trekking permits in Uganda are sold at 800usd for non-foreign residents, per permit per person, for trekkers to in Bwindi and Mgahinga National Park. On a contrary, the nationals of East Africa book their mountain gorilla trekking permits at 300,000shs. Still the tourists from the East African community, will need to book for their gorilla trekking permits in advance to avoid missing out on gorilla trekking. No doubt, Uganda today, is the best destination for mountain gorilla trekking in terms of cost and the number of gorilla families. On the other hand, gorilla habituation permits runs for 1,500usd for non-foreign residents and 750,000shs for East Africans.

Regulations for gorilla permits

The gorilla permits are legal licenses allowing you and your colleagues to visit a particular mountain gorilla family. The different gorilla permits issued are designed basing on the choice of the tourist on the gorilla family needed, the age of the tourist, and other interests. The trekking permits in Uganda are only and only issued to the travelers above the age of 15years old since the children below the age of 15years are considered too young for this activity.

Gorilla permit booking requirements

To book for your gorilla trekking permit in Uganda, you will be asked to comply with us or any other registered tour operators for the smooth flow of the booking process. The gorilla trekking permit is a legal document and your profile is always a requirement, some of these include;

  • Your name is very important for easy identification whereby the name on the gorilla trekking permit should be the same name you legally use on all your documents like the visa and passport.
  • Details of your passport are needed by the Uganda wildlife authority to print your permit. However, your details on the passport should match with the details on the gorilla trekking permit to avoid inconveniences.
  • You are required to pay a certain percentage as booking fee for your gorilla trekking permit, to your tour operator. Afterwards, the tour operator will use the fee paid to process all your permit documents.
Gorilla trekking permit validity

The permit is always valid from the time when the trekking starts, until it is done for the day. Its validity includes the time spent while tracking your gorilla family plus the one hour of encounter; after that, the validity expires. Note that; the gorilla trekking permits in Uganda are valid for only one day. Besides, don’t forget to book in time, about 4 months before the actual trekking day.  For more information, you can talk with us for the best bespoke gorilla trekking safari in Uganda.

 Rules and Regulations 
  1. The Uganda Wildlife Authority issues gorilla trekking permits to anyone above the age of 15 years as long as it is booked in time.
  2. Uganda Wildlife Authority only allows a maximum of 8 visitors to trek a single gorilla family, thus, minimizes behavioral disturbance to the gorillas and also exposure to human borne diseases.
  3. Observing gorillas should be done at least 7 meters away since this makes the gorilla group more relaxed and uninterrupted. However, if gorillas come close to you, you can interact with them but don’t feed them.
  4. To avoid disturbing the gorilla group, you are supposed to keep your voice down once you have located and observed the gorilla group until you are about 200 meters away from it.
  5. Taking pictures of gorillas requires tourists to move slowly and carefully. It is also strongly recommended that flash cameras are not used since they scare gorillas when they see them.
  6. Mountain gorillas can only be viewed for one hour at most, however, if the gorillas feel disturbed during your visit, the guide might tell you to leave early if they feel disturbed. 
  7. Visitors with contagious diseases cannot visit mountain gorillas. Suppose you have a disease and the staff does not notice it. In that case, it is highly recommended that you volunteer and stay behind to prevent transmitting diseases to gorillas. 
What to pack for gorilla trekking
  • Passport

You need to have a passport with you since its one of the requirements needed by Uganda Wildlife Authority. In fact, the passport helps them find out it you have the right age for gorilla trekking since it holds your birth date.

  • Facemask

Gorillas share most of our genome, which means they could catch any contagious diseases carried by humans, especially respiratory ones. The same is true for us; we could catch infectious diseases from these great apes. However, you won’t have to wear the facemask while hiking through the jungle, only during your time with the gorillas.

  • Hiking boots

The jungle floor is a dump, and there are no designated hiking trails, so you’ll have to put your best foot forward. Therefore, here you will not need your canvas but rather wear comfortable hiking shoes suitable for steep muddy slopes

  • Hiking gloves

Hiking or outdoor gloves will come in handy when you have to clear your path and grip a branch to avoid sleeping on steep slopes. They’ll also keep you from leaving dangerous organisms on the things you touch during your trek.

  • Waterproof jacket

Since Bwindi and Mgahinga are rainforests, rain is expected any time of the day. Therefore, pack a light waterproof jacket for protection against the disturbing rain and thereby protecting yourself from getting wet.

  • Long-sleeved shirt/Trouser

The long sleeve shirt will also keep the bugs and thorny branches away from your skin. Please make sure they are light and won’t collect heat inside. Avoid the camouflage army like coloring or decoration, they’re reserved for the ranges or military, and it’s illegal to wear camouflage in Uganda and Rwanda. Pick up some kaki, green or light colors that won’t excite animals

  • Energy snacks

Lodges usually pack you something for lunch or snacking, which you throw in your backpack, and the guides typically allow short snack breaks. Still, you can carry something familiar like an energy bar and at least a liter of drinking water.

  • Cameras and extra Batteries

To avoid not missing out on the wonderful moments with the gorillas, a good camera is recommended. Also, pack extra batteries for your camera and a spare flash drive or memory card. This place is full of too many beautiful memories to store.

  • Pair of binoculars

Since gorilla trekking is done in forests, expect to come across some primates and bird species up in the trees as well as some from a far distance.

  • Insect repellents

And not just any tropical jungle; the African jungle with the highest species of animals, bugs, and all kinds of creepy crawlies on the continent. The bug spray will help you avoid unnecessary itching from most bugs.

African Leopards (Panthera pardus)

African Leopards (Panthera pardus)  : are one of the most feared but respected animals in the world. In Uganda; it is called Ngo (Luganda tribe) also one of the 52 totems of Buganda, Eris (Iteso tribe) and Engwe (Bakonjo tribe). Leopards are generally big cats known for their golden, spotted bodies and graceful, yet ferocious hunting techniques. In most parts of Africa, there is a belief that leopards sometimes represent the super natural powers. In fact, most African kings have the leopard skin as part of their seats and the logic is that they share in the invincibility of the giant cat.

There is also a belief that sometimes leopards represent a spirit (Musambwa). Therefore, whenever a leopard is sighted in an area, people are advised to be careful before attacking it. Besides, some of the leopards might be spirits, a traditional healer for example salongo ssentongo in Luwero. Uganda cautions that such leopards neither attack humans nor domestic animals and instead they are harmless. As a matter of fact, in some parts of Luwero village, there are leopards that are known by the villagers.
In Western Uganda, it is common to hear people curse others: “Death at the hands of a leopard”. The Makanga of Central Africa also believes that witch doctors are capable of turning themselves into leopards before hurting their enemies.

Interesting facts about Leopards
  • Leopards are the most successful and cunning among big cats.
  • The Clouded Leopard has the longest canines amongst cat species.
  • Pound for pound, leopards are the strongest among big cats.
  • Leopards are territorial animals and regularly mark and defend their domain against intruders.
  • Leopards don’t need much water. They survive from the moisture they get from eating their prey.
  • Man eating leopards always operate at night since unlike tigers they never lose their fear of man and only enter human territories in the cover of darkness – according to famous hunter turned conservationist Jim Corbett. This makes them very difficult to counteract.
Appearance

These animals are masters of stealth and extremely difficult to trace and locate in the wild. They are also light coloured with distinctive dark spots that are called rosettes because they resemble the shape of a rose. However, black leopards, which appear to be almost solid in colour because their spots are hard to distinguish, are commonly called black panthers.

Diet

Leopards are carnivores, however, they aren’t picky eaters. They also prey on any animal that comes across their path. Some of these include; Thomson’s gazelles, cheetah cubs, baboons, rodents, monkeys, snakes, large birds, fish, antelopes, warthogs, etc.

Behavior

The leopard is so strong and comfortable in trees in that it often hauls its kills into the branches. They can also hunt from trees, where their spotted coats allow them to blend with the leaves until they spring with a deadly pounce. These animals are also solitary creatures that only spend time with others when they are mating or raising young. On the other hand, they are nocturnal and spend their nights hunting instead of sleeping.

These nocturnal predators also stalk antelope, deer, and pigs by stealthy movements in the tall grass. When human settlements are present, leopards often attack dogs and occasionally people. They are also strong swimmers and very much at home in the water, where they sometimes eat fish or crabs.

Breeding

Female leopards generally have a gestation period of approximately three months. They typically give birth to a litter of two to three cubs in a den at any time of the year. They usually have two grayish, blind and almost hairless cubs with barely visible spots. Each cub weighs just 17 to 21 ounces (500 to 600 grams) at birth. The mother hides her cubs and moves them from one safe location to the next. In fact, this is done until they are old enough to begin playing and learning to hunt. At 12 to 18 months, the cubs are ready to live on their own although they still live with their mothers for about two years. When they reach 2 or 3 years old the cubs will create their own offspring. More so, leopards live 12 to 15 years in the wild and up to 23 years in zoos.

Habitat

They have a preference for wooded or rocky habitats unlike cheetahs and thus can be found in virtually all habitats that offer adequate cover. African leopards generally inhabited a wide range of habitats within Africa. These include; woodlands, grassland savannas, forests, mountain habitats, coastal scrubs, shrub lands and swampy areas. Leopards are generally most active between sunset and sunrise and kill more prey at this time.

Where to find them

They are present in most Uganda parks and forest reserves but can be seen most regularly in every section in Queen Elizabeth National park on the kisenyi plains in the northern part of the park, they can also be sighted in southern part of the park.

 

The Reptiles Village in Uganda

The Reptiles Village in Uganda : is generally one of the fun and most exciting places to visit while on Entebbe city tour ranking it one of Entebbe’s popular attractions. It is located north of Entebbe in Bunono village just a short drive from Abaita Ababiri along Entebbe–Kampala highway.  This is also one of the best places for tourists with snake phobia since it will not only blow your mind but also take away your fears. Also known as the snake park, this reptile village is basically a home to over 20 reptile species. The Uganda reptile village also educates about the importance of many other natural resources such as swamps, water bodies and forests which are important in saving these threatened reptiles.

Background 

The place was established in the year 2002 by a Ugandan called Yasin Kazibwe. He was formerly a speed boat captain however, had good knowledge about reptiles and a passion of saving them. The reason to its establishment was to sensitize and educate the community about the importance of wildlife. Thereby, teaching them how to protect and conserve the reptiles and their importance to the future generation. He sought permission to start a reptile project which was approved under government community-based poverty eradication project.

Furthermore, he has published different documents about reptiles including a book titled snake bite. The reptiles village is a home to approximately 50 reptile species with 20 species on the display in the premises of this village. In fact, some of the reptiles in the village were rescued from harm’s way and given a safe home for them to stay. Some of the reptiles here include; Forest cobra, Gabon viper, tortoises, Nile monitor, Leopard tortoise. Jackson’s chameleon, boom slangs, Cobras, skinks, African rock python, Monitor lizards, Mambas, Viper lizards, puff adders, etc.

What to do at the Reptile village

Today, the Uganda reptile village is flooded with people such as animal researcher’s and students who love and are interested in reptiles. This is due to the fact that it is the first haven for conservation of reptiles in the country. This is one of the unique areas in Uganda where you have a chance to see the care takers play a round with snakes that you would not expect to be friendly. Regardless of how poisonous some of these reptiles are, they know how to handle them, making it a unique experience.

You will also get a golden opportunity of lifting the African python snake. However, it’s done in the presence of a well-trained supervisor. The reptile village has got other attractions such as the two basins; one with different tortoise species and the other with non-climbing reptile species. There is also a point where you will be able to watch camouflaging chameleons. It also consists of a swamp that is a habitat to many other reptiles and primates. These include; the blue monkeys, vervet monkeys not to mention but a few. The swamp also hosts a number of birds for bird lovers. It also harbors different fish species thereby leading to sport fishing as one of the activities here. Canoeing as well is one of the activities that you should not miss out when you visit this place.

How to get there

The reptiles village can be accessed 4 kilometers off the Kampala–Entebbe highway. The entry fee to this place is affordable. However, tourists who would like to join the conservation can donate in the box within this place. It is open to visitors 7 days a week from 8am to 6pm including public holidays. There are various accommodation within Entebbe where tourists can sleep and they vary from budget, mid-range and luxurious accommodation.

The Uganda Martyrs Massacre

The Uganda Martyrs Massacre : These are a group of 23 Anglican and 22 Catholic converts to Christianity in the historical kingdom of Buganda, now part of Uganda. In fact, they were executed between 31 January 1885 and 27 January 1887. As a matter of fact, they were killed on orders of Mwanga II who was the Kabaka (King) of Buganda. The deaths took place at a time when there was a three-way religious struggle for political influence at the Buganda royal court. It was also done because of the various people of Buganda who were converting to Christianity. As a result, they were forced to abandon their faith in Christianity which they refused to do and Kabaka ordered for their killing. 

Celebrating the Uganda Martyrs

The Catholic Church beatified the 22 Catholic martyrs of its faith in 1920 and canonized them in 1964. Note that; their lives are celebrated by the whole world on 3rd June every year. Here, people from different areas pay pilgrimage to Namugongo Martyrs Shrine which was put in place in commemoration of the Uganda Martyrs. Later, the shrines were constructed at Namugongo site for people to conduct prayers. Besides, the shrine is one of the historical, religious and most sites to visit during a Kampala City Tour.

The massacre of the Uganda Martyrs 

Mwanga massacred the Anglican missionary Bishop James Hannington and his colleagues in October 1885. Later, Joseph Mukasa, an important member of the royal household and a Catholic, reproached the kabaka for the massacre. As a result, on November 15 of that year, Mwanga had Mukasa beheaded. Mwanga, having learned that they had received religious instruction from the page Denis Ssebuggwawo, he ordered that all the youths be arrested.

Death of the Pages

Charles Lwanga who was Mukasa’s successor, secretly baptized those boys who had only been catechumens. However, the following day they were herded away to the village of Namugongo. Three of them; Pontian Ngondwe, a soldier, the royal servants Athanasius Bazzekuketta and Gonzaga Gonza were murdered en route. Mwanga continued his persecution, destroying Protestants and Roman Catholic missionaries alike. The page Jean Marie Muzeyi was also beheaded on January 27, 1887. All the survivors, as recorded by Father Lourdel, superior of the Roman Catholic mission to Uganda, were imprisoned for a week with the exception of Mbaga-Tuzinde.  Later, he was bludgeoned by his own father, the pages were burned alive on June 3, 1886.

Names of the Uganda martyrs

  • Yusuf Rugarama, Baanabakintu Lukka, Buuzabalyawo Yakobo, Kakumba Makko, Sserwanga Nuwa, Lwakisinga Mukasa. Lwanga, Nakabandwa Danieri, Balikuddembe Mukasa, Mukasa Musa, Bazzekuketta Antanansio, Gonza Gonzaga, Lwanga Karoli. Tuzinde Mbaga, Kadoko Alexanda, Mubi-Azaalwa, Munyangabyangu Robert, Gyaviira ,Kiuuka Ambrosio. Kiriggwajjo Anatoli ,Kiriwawanvu Mukasa, Kiwanuka Achileo ,Kizito, Wasswa, Walukagga Nuwa. Muzeeyi Jean-Marie, Lugido Mukasa Adolofu, Mugagga, Sserunkuuma Bruno, Kifamunnyanja, Kiwanuka Giyaza. Kizza Frederick, Kwabafu, Muwanga Njigija, Kaggwa Anderea, Ngondwe Posiano, Ssebuggwawo Denis. Mbwa Eriya, Muddu-Aguma, Mulumba Matiya, Muwanga Daudi, Kayizzi Kibuuka, Mawaggali Nowa, Mayanja Kitoogo, Muwanga
Frequently asked questions about the Uganda Martrys
Who was the first Uganda Martyr to be killed?

Nuwa Serwanga, Makko Kakumba and Yususf Rugarama were the first Uganda martyrs. The execution of the three was done on 31 January 1885, just a year after Kabaka Mwanga II had succeeded his father. Later on that year, Bishop Hannington, on returning to Uganda, was also murdered.

Who was the youngest Uganda Martyr?

Kizito was the youngest of the martyrs and he was burned alive. In fact, it was on the orders of King Mwanga II of Buganda on June 3rd, 1886 in Namugongo.

Why were the Uganda Martyrs killed?

The specific reasons for the murder of each martyr varies, thus they have created a considerable debate. Some martyrs went missing when summoned by Kabaka while others say it was a three-way religious struggle. It has also been recorded that Kabaka executed Uganda Martyrs for lack of submission to his sexual advances. Subjects who denounced Christianity as their faith were spared from death whereby Mwanga summoned the martyrs.  Most of them being youths, stood aside and declared themselves as worshipers of the Christian religion. Their age bracket approximately ranged from 10 to 30.

How were the Uganda Martyrs killed?

The Uganda martyrs were beheaded, tortured, or burnt alive to death. The burning of martyrs began at Gombolola, Mengo; the place of the sacred fire and ended at Nakiyanja. Additionally, the holy fire never went off unless a king died and was reignited on the entry of another king. Ssenkole who was the deputy executioner managed the holy fire and took ash of the killed to use it to protect the king from the dead spirits. On the other hand, Ssenkole would bring fire on the day of execution using reeds, though not up to the place of performance. The blood of the executed was not to be spilled at Nakiyanja and family members were not allowed to bid farewell to their loved ones. In conclusion, farewells were done at the present-day place, Kyaliwajjala.

 

Cheetah | the fastest cat

Cheetah | the fastest cat : scientifically known as Acinonyx jubatus is a large cat native to Africa and also the fastest land animal. It is estimated to be capable of running at 80 to 128 kilometers per hour (50 to 80 mph). It also has the fastest reliably recorded speeds being 93 and 98 kilometers per hour (58 and 61 mph). These animals generally live in three main social groups; females and their cubs, male “coalitions” and solitary males. While females lead a nomadic life searching for prey in large home ranges, males are more sedentary. They may instead establish much smaller territories in areas with plentiful prey and access to females. However, these big cats are active mainly during the day, with peaks during dawn and dusk.

Physical characteristics
Size

Adult cheetah males are typically larger than females. The body length of cheetah ranges from 112 to 150 cm (3.93-4.92 ft). The tail lengths are between 60 to 80 cm (2-2.62 ft) while the height at the shoulder ranges from 67 to 94 cm (2.2-3.1 ft). Their weights average from 21 to 72 kilograms (46-158 lb.), with the average male larger than the average female.

Eyes

Cheetahs have small, thin-boned skull with a relatively flat face and reduced muzzle size. In fact, these adaptations allow their large eyes to be positioned for maximum binocular vision. There is also a high concentration of nerve cells leading to the optic nerve. This generally allows them to detect prey in open habitats that move against the horizon. A nictitating membrane further shields and protects the eyes during fast sprints.

Paws

The cheetahs have paws that are narrower than other larger felids, resembling the paws of dogs rather than cats. They also have claws that are blunt, slightly curved and only semi retractable. The claws are like running spikes, used to increase traction while pursuing prey. 

Tail

The tail of the cheetah can measure 66 to 84 cm (26-33 in), which is about two-thirds of its body length. During fast sprints, a cheetah’s paws have minimal contact with the ground. At such times, a cheetah’s tail stretches out and acts as a counter balance during sharp turns. The flattened tip of the tail also acts like a rudder to guide directions.

Head

These animals have relatively small heads, small ears and high set of eyes. Rapid acceleration generally requires a cheetah to have highly oxygen intake adaptations including enlarged nostrils and extensive air-filled sinuses. While running, a cheetah’s repertory system allows it to go from a normal rate of 60 breaths per minute to 150 breaths per minute. Furthermore, less developed whiskers around the face suggest that cheetahs are not as active hunting at night compared to other felids.

Dentition

They have weak jaws and smaller canine teeth compared to other large cats. However, this leaves them vulnerable when it comes to defending captured prey from other larger predators.

Habitat

Cheetahs appear to be less selective in terms of habitat choice than other felids and inhabit a variety of ecosystem. These include; areas with greater availability of prey, good visibility and minimal chances of encountering larger predators are preferred. They seldom occur in tropical forests and have been reported at elevations as high as 4,000m (13‚000 ft). An open area with some cover such as diffused bushes; is probably ideal for them. This is because it needs to stalk and pursue its prey over a distance. Unlike other big cats, the cheetah tends to occur in low densities typically between 0.3 and 3.0 adults per 100 square kilometers.

Built for speed

It is generally the world’s fastest land animal and Africa’s most endangered big cat. Uniquely adapted for speed, the cheetah is capable of reaching speeds greater than 110 kilometers per hour in just over 3 seconds. The cheetah’s unique body structure; semi-retractable claws, flexible spine, long legs and tail allows it to achieve the unbelievable top speed of 100 kilometers per hour (70 mph). In fact, its body is narrow and lightweight with long slender limbs. Furthermore, specialized muscles allow for a greater swing to the limbs increasing acceleration. Cheetah’s foot pads are hard and less rounded than other cats. In general, they function like tire treads providing them with increased traction in fast, sharp turns. The shorter blunt claws, which are considered semi-retractable, are closer to that of a dog than of other cats. 

Flexible and fast

The cheetah’s long muscular tail works like a rudder, stabilizing and acting as a counter balance to its body weight. Swinging the tail back and forth continually adjusting to the movement of prey allows for sudden sharp turns during high-speed chases. Their shoulder blade does not attach to the collar bone thus allowing the shoulders to move freely. The hip and the shoulder extension allows for a large range of extension during running thus making both its exceptional stride length. The length between their steps is 6 to 7 meters (21 ft) and four strides are completed per second. There are two times in one stride when the cheetah’s body is completely off the ground. Once when all four legs are extended and once when all four legs are bunched under the body.

Behaviors

They are solitary animals and males have been seen living in coalitions. They generally appear extremely tolerant of close proximity to other males. The related members of the coalition will even take part in play and physical contact such as grooming. On the other hand, the unrelated males will generally stick to themselves while remaining in the coalition. Like all females, there are some males who stick to themselves who do not belong to the coalition. In addition, they never stay in one place for long and are referred to as nomads. At times, a male will company a female for a short while after mating, but most often the female is alone with the cubs. Mothers basically spend a long time teaching their young ones how to hunt. 

Diet

These cats mostly prey on small antelopes like the Thomson’s gazelles as well as impalas but also hunt small mammals and birds. It gets close to the prey as possible then in a burst of speed, it tries to outrun its quarry. Once the cat closes in, it knocks the prey to the ground with its paw and suffocates the animal with a bite to the neck. Afterwards, it eats quickly and keeps an eye out for scavengers. Unfortunately, the cheetah’s speed can’t be maintained for more than a few hundred meters before the individual overheats and that’s why the majority of hunts always result in failure.

Mating

Female cheetahs lead solitary lives unless accompanied by their cubs. Unlike males that prefer to live in a set territory with their coalition, females move within home ranges. However, the home ranges for the female cheetahs depend on the distribution of prey. Estrus in female cheetahs is not predictable and this is one of the reasons why it is difficult to bread cheetahs in captivity. Mating receptivity depends on environmental factors that researchers have found are triggered by the proximity of males and their scent markings. Estrus lasts up to 14 days and females will mate with multiple males during this period. Male cheetahs that encounter a female in estrus will stay with her and mate up to three days. When it comes to mating, there are no dominant males within the coalition that claim exclusive access to females so, all males within a coalition will mate.

Hunting

Unlike other big cats, cheetahs are diurnal; they hunt in early morning and late afternoon.  In addition, they climb termite mounds to get an optimal vantage point for spotting prey against the horizon. The hunt has got several components; prey detection, the chase, stalking, tripping and killing by means of a suffocation bite to the throat.

Reproduction and development

Sexual maturity occurs at 18 to 23 months and the gestation period is about 3 months and the average litter size is 6 cubs. While there is no definitive breeding season, a majority of births occur during the wet season. Births occurring during this time of the year coincide with the gazelle birth season, increasing food resources for the cheetah. Cubs are smoky-grey in color with long hair also known as a mantle, running along their backs. Cub mortality is high in both the wild and captivity and on average 30 percent of all cubs born in human care die within one month of birth. On the other hand, in Serengeti National Park (Tanzania), about 90 percent die before reaching three months of age. At six weeks, the young are strong enough to follow the hunt and when they are about six months older, the mother will capture live prey for them to practice killing.

Vocalizations

Unlike other big cats, cheetahs don’t roar but they growl when facing danger and they vocalize with sounds. Equivalent to a high-pitched chirp or bubble and they bark when communicating with each other. However, they can also purr while both inhaling and exhaling.

Facts about Cheetahs
Tear Marks

Cheetahs have built-in sun glare protection around their eyes. In addition, the tear marks run from the inside corners of their eyes down to the outside edges of their mouth. In fact, these marks help reflect the glare of the sun when they are hunting during the day. These marks also work like the sights on a rifle to help the cheetah aim and stay focused on their prey when they are hunting.

Tail like a rudder

The cheetah has a long muscular tail that has a flat shape which almost functions like a rudder on a boat. This is because they use it to help control their steering and keep their balance when running very fast.

Spotted skin

Their fur is covered in solid black spots, and so is their skin. The black fur actually grows out of the black spots on their skin.

Cleat feet

It has got semi non-retractable claws like the dog claws that gives it a lot of traction when running. The pads of most cat paws are soft but the cheetah’s pads are hard kind like rubber on a tire. This also helps them grip the ground when they are running so fast.

Funny haircut

Cheetah cubs have long tall hair that runs from their neck all the way down to the base of their tail known as the mantle. The mantle also makes a cheetah cub look like a honey badger and makes them blend into the tall grass. This helps keep them safe from threats like hyenas and lions.

Feeding

Cheetahs are carnivores and feed mostly on smaller antelopes like steenbok, springbok, Thomson’s gazelle, impalas, duikers etc. They usually chase down their prey and then bite its throat, killing it by cutting off its air supply or call it suffocation.

Where are cheetahs found?

These animals are confined mostly to dry open grasslands of Sub-Saharan Africa. However, in Uganda, you can find them in Kidepo valley national park and Pian Upe wildlife reserve while on your safari.

Uganda’s Bahai Temple

Uganda’s Bahai Temple : has unique architectural design that stands tall in the middle of the green conical dome shape made of tiny glazed mosaic tiles. Additionally, it has 9 big pillars and 27 small pillars that support the temple stand up right. The temple was constructed between years 1956 and 1961 and its located on kikaaya hill 4 miles from Kampala on Gayaza road. The Bahai faith was introduced by a man from Iran called Baha’u’llah in 1844. His name means “The glory of God” and he also wrote the Bahai faith.

The temple is a house of worship also known as Mashriq I’-Adhkar, and open to all people in the world acting as a spiritual gathering  place. As a matter of fact, there is only one Bahai temple in each continent and Uganda has the mother temple in Africa. Besides, this faith was introduced to Uganda in 1951 making it one of Eastern Africa’s earliest Bahai communities. In fact, the temple is one of the unmissable tourism sites while on your city tour. Otherwise, the temple has an evergreen compound with nice gardens where one can have a good view of the city while on a high point.

Rules that govern the temple and faith

Like any other religion, Bahai as a faith and temple has different rules and regulations that are supposed to be followed. These are to be followed while inside and outside the temple not forgetting during prayers. Below are some of the rules;

Family and marriage life

Marriage is not prohibited in the Bahai faith though it’s not obligatory according to the teachings of this faith. However, the marriage of the Bahai faith has requirements and these include partners having the approval of their living biological parents. In addition, they should be above the age of 15 years so as to strengthen ties between the two families. Besides, a man and woman who are married are the only ones allowed to have sexual relationships. Note that, sexuality is normal in the marriage life since it enhances the relationship. Interracial and interreligious marriages are allowed, divorce is permitted though discouraged. However, if the couple is unable to reconcile after a year of separation then divorce is granted.

Prayers

Bahai faith has two distinct types of prayers and these include devotional prayer (general) and the obligatory prayer (individual). However, for this prayer you’re supposed to face the Qiblih and it should be recited every day. Prayer is part of the most important act in the Bahai law because it helps in self-discipline and enjoined to pray daily. Furthermore, the Bahai faith prayer is believed to get you closer to God and to Baha‘u’llah, requesting for divine assistance. However, the devotional prayer in the Bahai directs believers to meditate and study sacred scriptures. The devotional prayer is written by the central figures of the Bahai faith and collected in prayer books which are held in high esteem.

Alcohol and drugs

Apart from the doctor’s orders, taking of drugs and drinking alcohol are prohibited in the Bahai faith. God gave human beings reasons which are taken away by intoxicants leading to mind astray.  However, smoking of tobacco is discouraged but not prohibited.

Fasting

The fasting period in the Bahai faith generally takes place from March 2nd to 20th March and this fast is a nineteen days period. Above all, one has to be in good health ranging from the age of 15 to 70 years. Additionally, it’s a sunrise to sunset fast without eating and drinking. This fasting works hand in hand with the obligatory prayer since it helps in bringing people closer to God and reinvigorate the soul. However, people who are nursing, menstruating, ill, pregnant, travelling, and engaged in heavy labor are the only ones excused. The fasting is not forced by the Bahai law since it’s an individual spiritual obligation.

Gossiping

Relationships and individuals are damaged by this practice and it also has a negative effect on the community as well as people involved. Therefore, it is considered a sin and hated human characteristic and it’s prohibited by the Bahai law.

Other laws talked about in the holy book 
  • Consumption of dead animals is not allowed.
  • Saying the greatest name (Baha’u’llah) 95 times a day.
  • Teaching children the Bahai faith is compulsory for the Bahais.
  • After death bodies should be wrapped in cotton and put in a coffin made of polished stone with hard wood. Otherwise, it’s forbidden after death to carry the body for more than an hour’s journey from the municipal boundaries where death occurred.
What can one do while at Bahai temple?

Different interesting activities can be done while Bahai Temple and some of these include;

Spiritual gatherings

During this activity individuals in groups gather to share prayers to help them strengthen the unity in the Bahai faith. They hereby share their stories and play music for different individual’s interests. However, these gatherings are mainly for uniting souls present through the power of prayer from different individuals.

Bird watching

With the different tree species and flowers, this temple harbors different bird species. Some of these include; the great blue turaco, stripped kingfisher, hadada ibis, grey parrot. Grey woodpecker, bronze sunbird, brown parrot not mention but a few. Therefore, making it one of the best destinations for the bird lovers since you can’t fail to spot any of those different birds.

Camping

Junior youths believing in the Bahai faith at the age of 11 to 14 years basically go for camping at the temple. While here, they get involved in youth classes to develop their spiritual intellectual capacities. In addition, they are taught to express their powers through drama, art and craft, singing, making of moral decision, etc.

Location of Bahai Temple?

This temple is located on Kikaaya hill in Kanyanya 3km north of Kampala approximately 7km on Gayaza road.

How to get to Bahai Temple

The Baha’i temple of Africa is situated in north Kampala about 3 miles along Gayaza road in central Uganda. The place can be accessed by road transport from Entebbe International Airport and its about 46.5  kilometers via Entebbe express high way. In other wards, it takes about an hour or even less to arrive at Baha’i temple.

An African Grey Parrot | Bird facts

An African Grey Parrot | Bird facts : is generally is an old world parrot in the family Psittacidae and a native to Central and West Africa. The specie is also a native to African countries such as Uganda, Ghana, Kenya, Somalia, Nigeria Liberia Tanzania, etc.  Besides, this bird’s ability to talk and mimic sounds and phrases makes this medium-sized parrot a captivating companion. It can also understand human speech and a well-trained one can learn hundreds of words, phrases and sounds. Therefore, this has helped to catapult this species to stardom in research circles and the pet trade.

Physical description

As its name suggests, the African grey parrot is a mottled grey colored bird. At first glance, the species is a medium-sized, dusty-looking grey bird almost pigeon-like. In addition, the species has various shades of grey with very distinctive red vent and tail feathers and solid black beaks. They also have bare white face patches and at times bright, normally pale, silvery eyes. Furthermore, some grey parrots are partially or completely red and both sexes appear similar. However, females have a pale grey crown with dark grey edges, a grey body and scarlet tail feathers.

Many of the grey contour feathers are edged with white, giving them a smooth, lacy appearance. In fact, at a certain degree, they tend to be sexually dimorphic. One can basically differentiate the sex of these birds once the birds is nearly 18 months of age. Here, the male parrot’s tail remains solid red while a female’s tail becomes red but tipped with silver. The underparts of the male’s wings become dark while for the female’s remain light. Secondly, sex can be differentiated according to the size whereby males have a more slender and narrower head. On the other hand, the females have got longer necks with larger and rounder heads.

African Grey Parrot facts
Behavior

The African grey parrots are generally very shy and rarely allow humans to approach them easily. They are highly social and nest in large groups however each group or family occupies their own nesting tree. Like the other birds, they are also observed roosting in large noisy flocks calling loudly usually during the morning, evening and when in flight. They also choose spots high up in the trees, to sleep where they are safest from predators. These birds are also gregarious and very noisy especially at night when they gather in flocks to sleep in tall trees. Besides, these birds communicate with each other using high-pitched screams and whistles in various conditions. These include; detecting predators, food, their location, safety statues, etc.

Unlike other parrots that are often found in mixed flocks, these flocks always comprise of only African grey parrots. Furthermore, during the day, they break into smaller flocks and fly longer distances to forage.  The young birds stay with their family groups for a long period of time for several years. They socialize with others of their agemates in nursery trees, however remain in their family groups within the larger flocks. They are also cared for by older birds until they are educated enough and old enough to become independent flock members. The young need to learn a complex set of skills such as differentiating desirable food plants from toxic plants, how to recognize and avoid predators, how to defend territory, etc.

More behaviors 

In addition, the young exhibit appeasement behaviors towards older members. However, as they mature, they become more aggressive with conspecifics. Additionally, they also learn how to develop role-appropriate behaviors that include competing and defending nest sites and raising off springs. Since these parrots are partial ground feeders, there is a series of behavioral events that occur before landing and safe consumption takes place.

Groups of parrots gather at a barren tree not until it is completely filled with hundreds of birds. These birds take part in grooming, climbing, socializing and vocalizing. Eventually, they make their way down to the ground in waves with the entire group.  Once on the ground, they are extremely vigilant reacting to any movement or sound. Furthermore, studies have found that these birds have complex cognition and are considered one of the most intelligent species of birds since they can also test and form ideas about the world. 

Habitant

Habitants of African grey parrots are frequently moist lowland forests. They are commonly observed in the mangroves, wooded savannahs, forest edges, cultivated areas, gardens, etc. In addition, they make their nests in tree holes and at times choose locations abandoned by birds such as woodpeckers. Furthermore, they often visit open lands next to woodlands in order to roost in trees over water.

Reproduction

These parrots are social birds and their breeding occurs in loose colonies with each pair occupying its own tree for nesting. They also select mates carefully and have a life time monogamous bond that begins at sexual maturity, at three to five years of age. During courtship, males feed mates and both sing soft monotonous notes. At this time the females will sleep in the nest cavity while the male guards it. In captivity, males feed females after copulation events and both participate in a mating dance in which they drop their wings. Wing pumping also takes place and this gives the impression of slow motion flight and consequently, the body feathers will also be flared or displayed.

The breeding season varies by locality however appears to coincide with the dry season. These grey parrots usually breed twice a year and normally mate several times a day for several weeks before the first egg is laid. Females lay a clutch of three to five roundish eggs, each at intervals of two to five days. However, the females incubate the eggs while being fed entirely by the males. Incubation takes approximately (26-30) days with the average being 28 days. Fledgling from the nest is always at (10-12) weeks of age. After the young emerging from the nest, weaning takes another 3-4 weeks by both parents nourishing, raising and protecting their off springs until they reach independence.

Speech and vocalization

Much of the grey parrot’s appeal comes from its talking ability and is among the best talkers in the parrot family. As a matter of fact, it is able to repeat words and phrases after hearing them just once or twice. This specie basically reaches full talking ability around a year of age and most of them become capable mimics much earlier. The flocks or groups follow a daily pattern of vocalizations, normally the flock is quiet from sunset until the next dawn. During day break, the flock begins to vocalize before setting out to forage at different locations throughout the day.

There are also a variety of different types of calls and vocalizations. These include; contact calls, food begging calls, agonistic calls, alarm calls, not to mention a few. Contact calls are of particular importance because they serve to identify where other members of the flock as well as help promote flock cohesion. Additionally African grey parrots demonstrated a complex cognitive competence in understanding both the similarities and dissimilarities among different musical note frequencies.

It was also determined that an African grey parrot can isolate a sound from background noise and imitate it. It can also encode it into long term memory and monitor the output sound to match it with the internal template. In fact, one of the African grey was reported blowing off a woman’s love affair by repeatedly calling out the other man’s name in front of her husband. It did this while using the cheating wife’s voice. Surprisingly, once they learn a word or sound, it is impossible or difficult to forget or unlearn it.

Feeding

These birds are basically herbivores and frugivores which means that the vast majority of their diet consists of fruits. Their primary food sources are generally fruits, seeds and nuts. However, they are also known to eat tree bark, insects, flowers and snails. Their favorite food source in the wild is usually oil palm fruit. Besides, when searching for food, these birds fly or climb to the ground to forage for ripe fruit that has fallen from tress. The best food for an African grey parrot in captivity is a high-quality formulated pellet supplemented with fruits. These include; apples, pears, carrots, oranges, bananas, cucumbers, peas, celery, seeds, melon, etc. Additionally, they also provide fresh vegetables such as leafy greens like sprouts and healthy seeds like flaxseeds.

Where to find them in Uganda

In Uganda will find them in forests from 700-2300 meters and in cages at Uganda Wildlife Conservation Education Center.

The Black and White Colobus | Old world monkey

The Black and White Colobus | Old world monkey : also termed to as an Old World monkey is a native to central Africa. They have a scientific name known as the mantled guereza, that derives from its mantle, the long silky white fringe of hair that runs along its body. On the other hand, “Guereza” derives from the native word in Ethiopia meaning monkey. Additionally the scientific name colobus derives from a Greek word “kolobus” meaning “Mutilated” which refers to its lack of thumbs. The specie generally has a distinctive black and white coloration, with long white fur on their backs. In addition, they are unusual in a way that they possess no thumbs and only have four fingers on their hands though some individuals will have a partial thumb that is not used. 

The Black and White Colobus facts
Physical description

These are basically heavy bodied animal with a long tail. They basically possess only four fingers on each hand. In fact, the thumb is absent or represented by a small phalangeal tubercle that sometimes bears a nail. However, it is believed that the loss of the thumb may be an adaption for quick movements through and along the trees. The coloration of the fur is distinctly white and black, the face is grey, no fur, face and callosities are surrounded by white. More so, the coat is glossy black along with a U-shaped white mantle of varying length harbored on both sides. 

Reproduction

Colobus Guereza generally have a polygamous mating system. It has also been studied that there seems to be little or no reproductive seasonality in most populations of the colobus. However, they tend to have a birth peak, timed out so that weaning corresponds with the greatest seasonal abundance of solid food. There is no distinct breeding seasons however, most mating definitely occurs mainly in the rain season. The full sexual maturity of the male guereza is always at the age of 6 and in females is 4 years of age.

Besides, the female produces one young every after 20 months of her gestation period which is about 6 months before giving birth again. When giving birth, females usually tend to give birth in private, and solitude. In fact, they have been noticed helping themselves when giving birth.  Other troop members often handle very young infants and the infants are carried on the other’s abdomen where it clings to her fur. Generally, both the male and the female take part in the parenting of the child. Otherwise, females remain in their natal group meaning that mothers and daughters have life-long relationships.

Behavior

They are typically diurnal and are highly arboreal residents of deep forest. They also live in sexually mixed groups ranging from 8 to 15 individuals. The family usually consists of one fully adult male (dominant), three or four reproducing females, adolescents and infants. Furthermore, each troop has its own territory which is well defined and defended from other troops. The colobus spends much of their time sitting in the tops of trees. However, they take turns sleeping at night so that at least one individual is awake at all times to watch over for predators.

There is always no true leader of a group although strong males usually take leadership roles. Territories may overlap and marginally they are vigorously defended by males. These territories are defended by leaps and cries, hand-to-hand communication, fighting, etc. Additionally the displays of the white fringe fur flapping up and down serve as a warning to other animals. In order to have defense against their predators like eagles, the species simply attempts to avoid and hide from them. However, they also at times been seen in fights against other types of animals a practice termed to as baiting.

Life span

These colobus live up to 20 years typically in the wild and have been known to live 25-30 years in captivity. Otherwise, predators of black and white colobus are leopards, crowned hawk eagles and occasionally chimpanzees.

Communication

Five vocal sounds have been recorded such as snorts, honks, screams, purrs and roars. Additionally, in terms of vocal communication, visual signals such as facial expressions, flapping of fringe fur and body postures are used in aggressive communication between different groups. 

Feeding

Guereza are the second most folivores species among the colobus. Their diet comprises of primarily leaves with nearly of young unripe ones, mature leaves, fruits, leaf buds and blossoms. However, this distribution is highly varied seasonally and geographically thus at times mature leaves may account in the diet.  Additionally, they get water from dew and the moisture content of their diet or rainwater held in the tree trunk hollows. Nevertheless, they spend most of their days eating, relaxing almost like humans.

Habitant

Their habitat ranges from tropical forests to dry forests and scrublands. They are generally found in high density forests where they forage on leaves. While in forests, they are highly arboreal and spend most of their time in the trees. However, in less dense forests, they will travel along the ground. Besides, they spend most their time searching for food and resting. In Uganda, they can be viewed in different national parks. Some of these include; Kibale National Park, Queen Elizabeth National Park, Semuliki National Park, etc. They are also noted among the popular primate species sought after on wildlife safaris in Uganda.

Mabamba Swamp Exploration

Mabamba swamp Exploration : The swamp is famous for the shoebill with over 12 shoebill storks  (locally called “Boolwe”). Besides, the bird is Uganda’s most sought-after bird by Uganda birding tourists as well as nature lovers. The swamp is generally a prime wetland birding site located on the northern fringes of Lake Victoria in Uganda. It covers 2424 ha with thick marshes of papyrus, water lilies and other wetland grasses.  

As a matter of fact, the mysterious shoebill is known to occur in mainly four countries. These include; Uganda, Rwanda, South Sudan and Zambia. However, in Uganda it is best seen at Mabamba swamp. In 2006, the Ramsar Convention on the wetlands awarded this swamp the status of a wetland of international importance since it contains globally threatened species. The wetland is also a Ramsar site and Important Bird Area (IBA) which hosts over 300 bird species. The wetland also hosts huge flocks of Palearctic migrants every year from October to March.

Activities done at Mabamba Swamp
Canoeing

Basically, birding in this place is done on a canoe by riding through a maze of trails cutting through the thick marshes in such for bird species. Some of the birds include the rare shoebill, white-winged warble, blue swallow, black-headed weaver. Papyrus gonolek, swamp flycatcher, pallid harrier, pigmy goose, Carruthers cisticola, lesser jacana, grosbeak weaver. Viellot’s weaver, northern brown-throated weaver, Clarke’s weaver, palm-nut vulture. Papyrus yellow warbler, African purple swamp hen, African water rail, blue breasted bee-eater. Winding cisticola, goliath Heron, African fish eagle, long tailed cormorant, yellow billed duck, malachite kingfisher. Glossy ibis, white-winged tern, hamerkop, great cormorant, grey-headed gull. White-faced whistling-duck, knob-billed duck, little stint to mention but a few.

While here, you will meet the local fishermen and discover that there was a time when the local community used to be enemies with the birds as they competed for the same fish resource. But today, many local people have been trained as tour guides who now strive to preserve both the birds and the swamp. Otherwise, guides are now a part of the Mabamba Wetland Eco-Tourism Association.  They share their knowledge of the swamp and part of the revenue from their tours is re-invested in conservation projects which protect the Shoebill.

Fishing

The community is happy to tell you a story about how this Swamp got its name after a lungfish locally known as “Emamba” which inhabit its waters, and they form the staple of the shoebill’s diet. The swamp is rich with lungfish locally known as “emamba” which is also the favorite food for the shoebill. However, the lungfish is also one of the most sought-after fish by the local fishermen, creating competition with the shoebill. These fishermen had long held a superstition that seeing a shoebill resulted in a poor catch that day so they hunted and killed them leading to the decline in their number and almost rendered them extinct in the wetland.

Others

The site supports a lucrative fisheries activity and a source of fish for home consumption and commercial use. It provides raw materials for local crafts, building materials, water for domestic and livestock use and non-wood products. Factors needing attention are the dry season incursion into the swamp by fishermen; hunting of the sitatunga by the local people; the proliferation of the Water Hyacinth and poaching of the Shoebill. The proliferation of flower farms along the shores of Lake Victoria and the use of agrochemicals is likely to have an impact. 

Best time to visit

This place in Uganda is visited all year round but dry months are much preferred as the water levels are low. This also gives much better feeding places and the grass is short. This is in the months of June to September and December to February.

How to get there

Mabamba swamp can be accessed by water and road. From Kampala city or Entebbe town, but the easiest route is through Nakiwogo landing site in Entebbe.  You will take a motorized boat to the island led by a guide to search for the elusive shoebill. The easiest route is through Nakiwogo landing site in Entebbe where you take a motorized boat to the swamp.

Toro Semliki Wildlife Reserve Uganda

Toro Semliki Wildlife Reserve Uganda : is basically a predominantly grassy savanna and acacia echoing Murchison Falls National Park at the northern end of Lake Albert. It is also known as a conservation protected area in the western part of Uganda. It is generally located in Kabarole district in the Toro sub-region, on the floor of the rift valley. Here, Lake Albert, Kijura escarpment and the mighty Rwenzori mountains create backdrops. The reserve was established as a game reserve in 1926 and was also among the first protected areas to be declared.

The main reason was to protect the large numbers of Uganda kobs in the area which is within Ntoroko and Kabarole districts. South west of the Toro Semliki wildlife reserve are the 3rd highest elevated mountains in Africa. These include the Rwenzori Mountains while North to the reserve is the famous Lake Albert the furthest-north of the great rift lakes.  Additionally, stands of borassus palms, lakeshore marshland and broad river valleys filled with beautiful gallery forest all add variety.  Furthermore, the reserve is characterized by a hot climate, with the temperature halving after the sunsets, and the constant prospect of rain. 

Communities living around the reserve
Kasesenge-kyakabaseke community

It is located on the Eastern escarpment of the rift valley and the biggest number of them are the Bakiga migrants who originally came to work tea estates in the 1960s. During the good seasons, tea provided a stable income and as the prices of tea deteriorated, they resorted to crop cultivation mainly beans, maize, bananas and groundnuts.

Karugutu-kyabandara community

This community is situated in the south of the reserve about 18 kilometers from Fort portal town. Besides, it is mainly inhabited by the Bakonjo who are traditional cultivators. The crops usually grown include; soya beans, bananas, cassava, beans and rice. Afterwards, they are sold in Rwebisengo and Ntoroko markets.

Ntoroko fishing community

The community is at the south-eastern tip of Lake Albert between the estuaries of Wasa and Muzizi rivers. The area covering approximately 4 square kilometers has been excised from the reserve and gazetted as a wildlife sanctuary. As a result, this is done to provide protection of any wildlife that interface in this area. As a matter of fact, Ntoroko community depends mainly on fishing.

Rwebisengo community

This one is located on the west and northwestern edge of the reserve in the Semliki flats. It comprises of the Batuku (Batoro-Bahuma) who are predominantly pastoralists. In fact, these are believed to be descendants of the Abarusula who were the royal army of the King Kabalega of Bunyoro Kitara Kingdom.

What to do in the reserve
Birdwatching

The reserve boosts over 440 bird species and its a few spots where the extinct shoebill can be found. West of the reserve is the board Congolese rain forest that contains one of the richest, most extinct species reservoirs in the world. It is also one of the planet’s biggest covers of the un-logged forest. Some of the birds here include; red-necked falcon, black-billed barbet, great white pelican. Malachite kingfisher, Abyssinian ground-hornbill, African pygmy goose, black coucal, pennant-winged nightjar. Stunning red-throated bee-eater, piapiac, not to mention but a few. The adjacent Semuliki National Park offers a great opportunity to add several species associated with the Congolese rainforest.  However, migratory birds are present from November to April.

Guided nature walks

These are conducted near Semuliki safari lodge where you will meet an experienced guide. There after, will go through a variety of habitats ranging from savannah woodland to riverine forest. While here, you will come across baboons, waterbucks, red-tailed monkeys, black and white colobus, warthogs, elephants, Uganda kobs, etc.

Game drives

It is also a home to a number of wild animals such as elephants, leopards, waterbucks, giant forest hog, hippos, Uganda kobs, buffalos, etc. Primates here include; chimpanzees though rarely seen, baboons, vervet monkey, red-tailed monkey. Black and white colobus, dent’s mona monkey, central African red colobus, blue monkey and de Brazza’s. Animals regularly seen include; elephants, warthogs, buffalo, waterbucks, Uganda kobs, leopards, white-tailed mongoose bush babies, etc. Game drives at the reserve are carried out in the morning, afternoon and at night.

Community tours

The Karugutu Community Conservation Association (KCCA) is a community-based association whose objective is conservation education through Music Dance and Drama (MDD). This group also organizes traditional dances for the visitors. In addition, they have a shop for handcrafts at the entrance of the reserve which they sell to tourists.

Hiking to the Nyaburogo Gorge

This is an ideal walk for birders that usually starts right at the reserve headquarters. It is a 7 kilometers hike that goes through a diversity of habitats like woodland, savanna and a forest in the gorge. During the hike, you will also come across different bird species such as tropical boubal, black-headed Bushrike, arrow marked babbler, bush shrike. Also watch out for primates like black and white colobus, vervet monkey, baboons and with good luck you can also see chimpanzees.

How to get there

Toro Semliki wildlife reserve is approximately 1 hour from Fort Portal town and it’s located about 300km/180mi from Kampala. It is approximately a 6 to 8 hours’ drive and the reserve is visited throughout the year.